
LibraryThing is pleased to sit down this month with bestselling author, historian, curator and law professor Molly Guptill Manning, whose work often explores little known stories from the literary world. She earned a B.A. and M.A. in American history from the University at Albany, a J.D. at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, and an M.A. in Museum Studies from NYU, and is currently an associate professor of law at New York Law School. Guptill Manning made her authorial debut in 2012 with The Myth of Ephraim Tutt: Arthur Train and His Great Literary Hoax, before turning to the history of books and reading during World War II with her When Books Went to War: The Stories That Helped Us Win World War II (2014) and The War of Words: How America’s GI Journalists Battled Censorship and Propaganda to Help Win World War II (2023). She has also curated museum exhibits around this theme, including The Best-Read Army in the World at the Grolier Club, and the current Reading Under Fire: Arming Minds & Hearts in Wartime at Poster House. Earlier this year her biography of Ray Trautman, the Chief Librarian of the US Army during World War II, was published by Oxford University Press. Guptill Manning sat down with Abigail this month to discuss A Librarian’s War: The Man Who Fought World War II with Books and Brought the Joy of Reading to Millions.
What made you decide to tell Ray Trautman’s story? Was he a figure you encountered in your previous exploration of books and reading in the US Army during World War II?
I first encountered Ray Trautman when I was writing When Books Went to War (2014). I mentioned him a few times in that book, but he wasn’t a central figure. Remarkably, after that book was published, Ray’s sons reached out and invited me to visit them and take a look at their father’s records of his wartime work—thankfully, being a librarian, Ray kept everything! As I learned more about him, I was amazed by the incredible odds Ray faced in trying to get books and magazines to troops and his undaunted determination to do whatever it took to get soldiers the reading materials they wanted. I uncovered many forgotten stories about famous people—Eleanor Roosevelt, Ernest Hemingway, FDR, etc.—who Ray interacted with. I just found his life fascinating, and felt others would too.
Tell us a little bit about Trautman—who he was, what he did, and why he should be remembered.
Ray grew up on a farm in Mowrystown, Ohio (population: 200), where there was no community library and very few books. Yet, he treasured every book he could get his hands on—he loved learning about other people’s lives, making new discoveries, meeting beloved characters, and exploring the world. A seed was planted—he would ultimately decide to devote his life to books and libraries, and giving others the opportunity to experience the joys of reading.
His greatest contributions were probably made during World War II, when he became the Army’s Chief Librarian. Ray designed miniature paperbacks, Armed Services Editions, so foot soldiers around the world could carry weightless pocket-sized books wherever they went. Ray knew from experience that these books were many solders’ emotional survival gear. Because troops also wanted magazines, Ray worked with every major American magazine to create small, ad-free versions for troops. And he created an Army comic book, Overseas Comics, so troops would get their favorite cartoon strips.
Ray was responsible for distributing, for free, a half-billion books, magazines, and comics during World War II. In the process, an entire generation of Americans became devoted readers. Most entered the war with no reading habit, and they left the military with a lifelong desire to read, which veterans passed on to their families and friends. He truly revolutionized American reading.
What kind of research did you need to do, while writing the book, and what were some of the most memorable things you learned? Were there surprises along the way?
First, I needed to comb through boxes of records that Ray had saved, along with diaries, photographs, and notes tucked inside of his books. Ray’s son, Eric, secured Ray’s military records from the Army—thankfully, that consisted of almost 1,000 pages that provided guideposts for where Ray was, what he was doing, and when. For more details and context, I scoured newspaper and magazine articles, and read dozens and dozens of books about the people, places, and events Ray encountered.
I was amazed to learn how many famous people this unassuming librarian crossed paths with. Ray solved problems for Eleanor Roosevelt and Ernest Hemingway—and these stories have never been told! He also met Douglas MacArthur (and almost got court martialed for gently suggesting that MacArthur supply his troops with books), and was given library assignments directly from Dwight Eisenhower. One of the more memorable and surprising episodes I wrote about was when Trautman was trapped during the Battle of the Bulge and was forced to lead troops in a tank battle using only homemade weapons—and they survived! It turned out a librarian’s skillset was very useful in coming up with an unconventional solution in a life-or-death situation.
Three of your four books so far have focused on books and reading during World War II. What makes this subject so interesting for you, and why is it important?
I think examining reading during wartime fascinates me because history shows that when democracy has come under attack (in both World War I and World War II), the government has emphasized the importance of the freedom to read and access information. While the United States implemented some censorship measures and produced propaganda, a dominant message during both wars was that practicing democracy—by reading whatever you want, sharing books, donating books to troops so they had access to a variety of reading materials, etc.—was an important way to protect democracy. During the last decade or so, we’ve seen a growing tendency to censor and limit what books are available. I think the history I write about is more important than ever.
Tell us about your writing process. Do you have a particular schedule you keep, or places you like to write? Do you start from an outline, and have all of your information organized before starting each chapter or section?
When I’m writing, I like to start in the morning and have several hours that will be uninterrupted so I can entirely focus on what I am doing. If I’m writing on my computer, all notifications are turned off and my phone will be in another room so I have absolutely no distractions. I have a small room in my house that’s loaded with bookshelves and has a large table—this is where I do most of my writing. I love to have my sources spread out in front of me, almost like having a roadmap of the day’s writing.
For each book I’ve written, I’ve had a different strategy for writing. Sometimes a chapter becomes clear to me before the entire book does, so I might write a chapter and then return to researching other parts of the book. For A Librarian’s War, after I organized all of the material I was planning to use, I did make a chapter-by-chapter plan for how to put it together. Usually, I avoid outlines because I find that the process of writing sharpens my understanding of a story and the final story may not have a strong resemblance to my original plan. I try to stay curious and flexible throughout the process.
What is next for you? Do you have any new books in the works, or book ideas you hope to work on?
I have an idea for my next book and have been doing a lot of preliminary research and reading to try to figure out the story’s contours. It will be an entirely different adventure for me, as I’m changing time periods and won’t be focusing on books in wartime. Each book I’ve written began because a story crossed my path and took root in my heart and mind. Once again, I have found a forgotten chapter of history and I feel compelled to preserve it. For now, I am happily gathering as many pieces as I can before attempting to figure out the structure.
Tell us about your library. What’s on your own shelves?
I have a bit of a book problem at home, as I have too many of them (if there is such a thing). Being a non-fiction author, I read a ton of non-fiction because I want to understand the period I’m writing about from as many different perspectives as I can. So my shelves are full of books from the World War II and World War I eras, along with my favorite works of fiction and any other books I have read and feel such a connection to that I can’t part with them. I also have a shelf devoted to signed books, from books talks I’ve attended by authors I admire.
What have you been reading lately, and what would you recommend to other readers?
When I’m working on a book, I read primarily non-fiction; because I’m between books, I have been reading more fiction lately. A few titles I’ve read and enjoyed are My Friends, by Fredrik Backman; Travels with Charley: In Search of America, John Steinbeck; The Creative Act: A Way of Being by Rick Rubin; The Correspondent by Virginia Evans; The River of Doubt: Theodore Roosevelt’s Darkest Journey by Candice Millard; and I See You’ve Called in Dead by John Kenney.







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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